Cold sterilization is primarily achieved through the use of what?

Cold sterilization is primarily achieved through the use of liquid chemical agents. This method involves the application of specific chemicals that can kill off microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, on instruments and surfaces without the need for heat. Liquid chemical sterilization is particularly useful for items that cannot withstand high temperatures used in traditional sterilization methods, such as steam or dry heat.

Chemical agents like glutaraldehyde, ethylene oxide, or hydrogen peroxide can penetrate surfaces and provide a thorough level of disinfection or sterilization depending on the concentration and exposure time. This makes liquid chemical agents a widely accepted choice in settings like hospitals and surgical centers where the integrity of the instruments must be preserved while ensuring they are sterile.

In contrast, dry heat, radiation, and ultraviolet light are forms of sterilization but do not fall under the category of cold sterilization, as they either involve high temperatures or energy that does not rely on liquid chemical action.