Which condition is defined as painful urination that often suggests an infection?

Dysuria is the correct choice for defining painful urination, often signaling an underlying infection. This condition is characterized by a burning sensation during urination and can occur due to various factors, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted infections, or irritants. Understanding dysuria is essential for recognizing the symptoms and seeking appropriate medical evaluation and treatment, particularly as it often serves as a precursor to identifying infections that may require intervention.

Oliguria refers to a reduced urine output, which can indicate issues such as dehydration or kidney dysfunction, rather than painful urination. Hydrocele describes a fluid-filled sac around the testicle, which is unrelated to urinary symptoms or pain. Cystitis, while involving inflammation of the bladder and often accompanying dysuria, specifically refers to the inflammation itself rather than the painful urination symptom. Therefore, dysuria is the most direct term for the condition being described.